The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. The contraction or expansion of the refractories can take place during service life. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of high temperature gascooled reactors htgrs. Volume stability, expansion, and shrinkage at high temperatures. Creep is a time dependent property, which determines the deformation in a given time and at a given temperature by a refractory material under stress. The high temperature reactor and process applications. High temperature gas cool reactor technology development pdf. Manual or computer automated image analysis is performed to measure the minimum. A new reactor concept, the advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr, is being developed to meet these specific requirements. Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. The strategy is to limit the peak reactor temperature and still deliver. The vapourtec high temperature reactors are similar to the standard reactors but can enable reaction temperatures to go up to 250oc.
At low speeds dry friction in an oxygenfree, helium environment in the. Advantages of very high temperature reactors clear passive safety mechanism 1. The very high temperature reactor marks the next evolutionary step in reactor design, capable of powering our cities with greater than 50% thermal efficiency, and producing cleanburning hydrogen via carbon free processes. They build on high temperature gascooled reactors which are already in operation. The very hightemperature reactor vhtr design descriptions, technology. Physics of high temperature reactors focuses on the physics of high temperature reactors htrs and covers topics ranging from fuel cycles and refueling strategies to neutron crosssections, transport and diffusion theory, and resonance absorption. Graphite also has a high thermal conductivity, which facilitates the transfer of heat to the reflector, and it can withstand high temperatures. Among the 6 candidates of the gen iv nuclear systems in the technical roadmap of gen iv international forum gif, the very high temperature reactor vhtr is primarily dedicated to the cogeneration of electricity and hydrogen, the latter being extracted from water by using thermochemical, electrochemical or hybrid processes. The basic technology for the vhtr has been established in former high temperature gascooled reactor plants dragon, peach bottom, avr, thtr, fort st. Study of convection heat transfer in a very high temperature reactor flow channel. Moltensaltcooled advanced hightemperature reactor for.
High temperature reactor fluidized bed product discharge proprietary distributor plate heating room fluidizing gas. Not only has the features and very high safety levels as a nuclear power. Htgr high temperature gas reactor htr10 high temperature test reactor china httr high temperature test reactor japan htrnpr high temperature gas reactor new production reactor inl idaho national laboratory isi inservice inspection lbb leakbeforebreak lwr light water reactor mhtgr modular high temperature gascooled reactor. The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr. These temperatures are at the very limits of practical engineering materials. Heat transfer from the surface of the reactor pressure vessel by free.
Seven gascooled htrs have been built around the world in england, germany, the united states, japan, and china. A small modular nuclear reactor to replace coal plants could be on the market within 5 years. The status of high temperature gascooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. In this study, the optimum size of the compact heat exchanger has been developed based on its weight and pumping power for the reference design of 600 mwt very high temperature gascooled reactor. Simple electrolyzer model development for hightemperature. Inlext1018090 molten salts for high temperature reactors. Materials for the very high temperature reactor vhtr. The moltensaltcooled advanced high temperature reactor ahtr is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high temperature 750 to ec heat to enable efficient lowcost 1 thermochemical production of hydrogen h2 or 2 production of electricity. Temperature test reactor japan, high temperature reactor10 htr10. Very high temperature reactor vhtr energy independence. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. The very high temperature reactor vhtr there has been a recent resurgence of interest for helium cooled high temperature reactors. Spectrum calculations and crosssection averaging are also.
The ngnp reactor core will be either a prismatic graphite block type. The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above. In particular this report addresses the comments provided by inl and documented in 1463 rev. High temperature reactors for gas solid reactions up to 1100 c fluidized bed process technique contact schwing fluid technik gmbh oderstrasse 7 47506 neukirchenvluyn germany. This paper provides an initial description and technical analysis of its key features. High temperature nuclear reactors for hydrogen production. Physics of hightemperature reactors focuses on the physics of hightemperature reactors htrs and covers topics ranging from fuel cycles and refueling strategies to neutron crosssections, transport and diffusion theory, and resonance absorption. Very high temperature reactor the very high temperature reactor is cooled by flowing gas and is designed to operate at high temperatures that can produce electricity extremely efficiently. In 2014, the generation iv international forum confirmed the very high temperature reactor vhtr as one of 6 promising reactor technologies that should be pursued in order to develop advanced reactors suitable for deployment in the 2030s. History and promise of high temperature gas cooled reactors. In addition, the technologies for the vhtr are being advanced in the gas turbinemodular helium reactor gt. It will supply heat with high core outlet temperatures which will enable applications such as hydrogen production and process heat for the petrochemical industry. Internationally, there are only two high temperature systems under consideration.
Reports produced after january 1, 1996, are generally available free via the u. Vapourtec has developed the uv150, a pioneering photochemical reactor that will lead to more efficient, precise, consistent, safe and scalable photochemical synthesis offering potential routes for novel compounds and building blocks together with possible new manufacturing processes. The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor that will produce electricity and hydrogen in a highly efficient manner. Ss reactors vessels jacketed reactors manufacturer from. Materials in generationiv very high temperature reactors. Very high temperature reactor vhtr the very high temperature reactor vhtr is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor. The vhtr system is designed to be a high efficiency system that can supply process heat to a broad spectrum of high temperature and energyintensive, nonelectric processes. Understanding the requirements of patrons, we are engaged in manufacturing and supplying high quality industrial reactors like. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the international effort in the development of the very high temperature reactor system pursued through international collaboration in the generation iv international forum gif and an outlook for further activities. Overview on the very high temperature reactor system inpro dialogue forum vienna, 14 april 2016 michael a.
The advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr for producing. The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr is a high temperature reactor type having nuclear fuels formed by. Tritium transport in very high temperature reactors for. By virtue of its high temperature heat, a vhtr can be used in high temperature process heat applications, including hydrogen production and high efficiency electricity generation. Reactors, chemical process reactors, limpet reactors, mild steel reactors, limpet coil reactor, limpet coil vessel, industrial reactors. Research and development related to high temperature gascooled reactor htgr became one of the trends of today 1, 2. High temperatures reactors for hydrogen production i. Very high temperature reactor presented by taher, md iktiham bin 15983781 khan, md rabiul islam 15982791 islam, kazi rashedul 15984751 2.
Reactors, high pressure reactors, chemical reactors, jacketed reactors, process reactors, s. Status of the very high temperature reactor system. Generation nuclear plant project, the doe initiative to develop and demonstrate a high temperature gascooled reactor htgr. The department of energy doe is working with industry to develop a very high temperature reactor vhtr as a part of the effort to supply the united states with abundant, clean, and secure energy as initiated by the energy policy act of 2005 epact. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. A very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr is an inherently safe reactor that can produce heat of 750c950c. Metals and alloys for very high temperature reactors. Inpro manualproliferation resistance, volume 5 of the final. Pdf in 2005, the us passed the energy policy act of 2005 mandating the construction and operation of a. The high graphite inventory provides significant thermal inertia.
The high temperature gas could also be used in energyintensive processes that currently rely on fossil fuels, such as hydrogen production, desalination. Dec 12, 2005 very high temperature gascooled reactors are considered as nearterm deployable plants meeting these requirements. Thermal hydraulics of the very high temperature gas cooled. Types nuclear reactor design advantages and disadvantages of vhtr conclusion and future works 3.
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